High Blood Pressure Lowering Diet Plan

High blood pressure is a seriously common medical condition. It has already been estimated that more than 1.20 billion people have this disease. It accounts for about 13% of the total deaths worldwide. In this article, you will learn how to control your blood pressure with a diet.

What Is High Blood Pressure?

High blood pressure is also known as hypertension. It is basically of two types- primary and secondary hypertension. It occurs when your blood pressure increases to abnormal levels. In this, your blood forces itself against your blood vessels too much more forcibly than normal. Usually, blood pressure above 140/90 is considered High blood pressure. Primary hypertension develops takes time to develop and is not too lethal. On the other hand, secondary hypertension occurs quickly and is more serious. But, dietplusminus urges us to take both of them seriously. Though slight changes in the blood pressure do not matter, if the pressure is around or above 180/120 then it is a serious problem.

Hypertension is a chronic condition and can last up to several years and even lifelong. It does not have any typical symptoms, but if left unattended it can lead to health conditions such as stroke and heart disease. It can also damage your blood vessels and vital organs like the heart, brain, kidneys, etc. It is treatable by medication, and diet changes, and does not require any lab tests or imaging. 

What Causes High Blood Pressure?

The exact causes of hypertension are not known yet. But, some researchers have clarified that primary hypertension or essential hypertension can be caused due to physical or environmental changes, and genes can also play a role. Secondary hypertension, real high blood pressure, can be caused by smoking, obesity, excess salt consumption, stress, sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease, etc. 

Food, medicine (some birth control medicine), age, genetics, etc. can also cause High blood pressure. A diet that is high in cholesterol can also lead to this condition. Other causes include hormonal imbalance, diabetes, lack of physical activity, drinking too much alcohol, etc. 

Older people are at higher risk of developing high blood pressure. Further, people who have a family history of High blood pressure are also at a greater risk. 

How To Cure High Blood Pressure? 

High blood pressure can be controlled by both medication and dietary changes. But, we at dietplusminus prefer dietary changes. Anyway, early detection is extremely important if you want to get rid of it completely. Therefore, dietplusminus recommends you regularly take your blood pressure readings. Your diet should consist of garlic, fruits especially berries, bananas, watermelon, oats, leafy vegetables, avocados, mushrooms, tomatoes, etc. 

Dark chocolate, pistachios, olive oil, and pomegranates are also known to lower blood pressure. Plus, making necessary lifestyle changes is also recommended. Exercising daily and losing some pounds are very important factors that will determine if your blood pressure problem will go. You also need to avoid consuming too much salt, caffeine, and alcohol. These can significantly raise your blood pressure and therefore highly increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in the long term. So, you should be able to track what you and how much you eat. 

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Thyroid Disease Diet Management

The thyroid is a gland in your neck area that controls some hormones in your body. These hormones are necessary for the proper metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. 

But, two common disorders (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) of this gland lead to certain health issues. On this dietplusminus page, you will learn about thyroid disease and its management with a proper diet.

What Is Thyroid Disease?

Thyroid disease actually doesn’t refer to a single disorder, because there are many disorders related to the thyroid gland. But, the two most common types are hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is referred to as overactive thyroid. As the word 'hyper', which means 'more' or 'over' suggests, it is the condition in which the thyroid gland releases more amount of the hormone thyroxine than normal. On the other hand, hypothyroidism is a condition in which enough hormone is not produced by the gland.

Hypothyroidism is the more common one of the two and therefore sometimes it is directly referred to as thyroid disease. Both of them have different symptoms, but some also share some common symptoms such as enlargement of the gland (goiter). But, both have different causes and are treated very differently. 

The Symptoms of hypothyroidism include

• Constipation

• Fatigue

• Unexplained weight gain

• Dry skin

• Cold sensitivity, etc. 

The symptoms of hyperthyroidism include

• Weight loss

• Elevated and/or irregular heart rate

• Brittle skin

• Irritability, etc. But, the old usually don’t experience any symptoms.

What Causes Thyroid Disease?

As already mentioned, there are different causes of the two different thyroid diseases.  Hypothyroidism can be caused if your thyroid is not working as normal or if it has been removed (in cases of medical conditions like cancer). But, its most common cause is another autoimmune disorder (the body’s immune system fails to recognize its own cells and attacks them) known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Other causes include surgical treatment of some conditions like hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer, etc. Some medications can also trigger hypothyroidism.

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is another autoimmune disease called Graves' disease. Basically, this autoimmune disorder makes the thyroid gland grow abnormally large and release more hormones than required. Hyperthyroidism can also be caused due to- inflammation of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis), postpartum thyroiditis, consuming too much thyroid hormone, toxic nodular goiter, etc. 

Women are more prone to develop thyroid disease than men. Further, old age, as well as family history, can also make one more prone. 

Thyroid Disease Diet Idea

In this disease, a proper diet is as important as the medication itself. So both should go hand in hand. According to Dietplusminus, foods that are okay for people with hypothyroidism include:

• Eggs (rich in iodine and selenium)

• Meat, all types.

• Fish, all seafood.

• Vegetables, all vegetables. In fact, your diet should be based on vegetables.

• Fruits like berries, bananas, tomatoes, etc.

• All dairy products and yogurt.

Also, you should avoid some foods strictly in order to keep your weight under check:

• Avoid eating processed foods.

• All varieties of millets.

• Avoid taking too many supplements (iodine and selenium)

• Avoid tofu, tempeh, soy milk, etc.

• Broccoli, spinach, cabbage, etc.

• Fruits like pears and strawberries.

• All caffeinated beverages as well as alcohol.

The recommended foods in case of hyperthyroidism include:

• Low iodine foods like egg whites, fresh fruits, oats, honey, potatoes, etc.

• Cruciferous vegetables.

• Iron-rich foods like dried beans, vegetables, nuts, lentils, whole grains, etc.

• Healthy fats are present in flaxseeds, olive oil, etc.

• Spices like turmeric, green chilies, black pepper, etc. 

• Also, take vitamin D supplements.

Some foods to avoid in hyperthyroidism include:

• Nitrates are present in parsley, cabbage, turnip, carrots, cucumber, pumpkin, etc. 
• Gluten is present in wheat, barley, malt, etc.
• Soy-foods.
• Caffeinated beverages.

Reach out to us, so that we can create the perfect diet plan for you according to your lifestyle and requirements!
 

Hypothyroidism - low thyroid hormone - Food to eat and avoid

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Fatty Liver Diet

Fatty liver is a very common disease and can be potentially lethal. Millions of people get affected by it each year. Although treatment can help, this disease can’t be cured with medications. Diet and exercise are the two best ways to get a fatty liver normal. Diet comes first. Therefore, this article will tell you what is a Fatty liver and how to cure it with a diet.

What Is A Fatty Liver?

Fatty liver disease is an increase in the build-up of fat in the liver. Simply put, having more fat in your liver than normal is referred to as fatty liver. 

There are usually no apparent symptoms. But, sometimes symptoms like fatigue, weight loss, abdominal pain, etc. may occur. A normal and healthy liver helps in the removal of toxins from the body and also produces bile, which is very important for the digestion of fats. Fatty liver disease is a serious disease that prevents the liver from functioning normally by damaging it.

FAQ Fatty Liver

What Causes Fatty Liver Disease?

Fatty liver disease has two common types- alcoholic and non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease. Although there is no clarity about the exact causes, the former is usually caused by excess alcohol consumption and the common cause of the latter is obesity. It is also commonly diagnosed in people who eat too much processed food.

It is believed that genetics also plays a role and some specific genes can increase the chances of developing the disease by around 30%. Another known cause includes high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Some health problems can also lead a person to non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease. These include high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hepatitis C, etc.

How to Get Rid of Fatty Liver Disease?

So, how do you cure, or avoid in the first place, Fatty liver disease? We at dietplusminus say that the best way to treat Fatty liver disease is through diet. You need to follow a diet that will help you to reach a healthy weight. Your diet should consist of fruits and vegetables, fish and seafood, whole grains, nuts, legumes, etc. As different people need different diets, dietplusminus recommends you should talk to a nutrition expert for a proper diet plan.

To fight insulin resistance, you should consume the right fats. Omega-3 fatty acids and monounsaturated fats are two types of good fats to avoid insulin resistance. These are present in fish, vegetable oils, walnuts, flaxseeds, olives, nuts, avocados, etc. You should also include antioxidants and supplements in your diet. Coffee, green tea, raw garlic, fruits, vegetables, vitamin E, vitamin D, etc. are some of the best antioxidants and supplements to consider.

FAQ Fatty Liver

You should also exercise daily for a healthy liver. Daily exercise can prevent you from developing Fatty liver disease in the first place. So, try to lose weight and avoid alcohol. You should also lower your cholesterol and if you are diabetic, then you must keep it in control. dietplusminus also recommends you avoid some foods. Most importantly you should completely avoid the consumption of saturated fats. So, you need to avoid poultry, full-fat cheese, yogurt, red meat, baked and fried foods, sugary candies, soda, etc. 

Commonly Asked Questions on Fatty Liver

1. How serious is the problem of fatty liver, and how can I cure it?
 

High levels of fat in the liver is linked with increased risk of serious health problems, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and kidney disease. Fatty liver in its early stage usually does not cause any harm, but if left untreated, it may lead to serious liver damage, including liver cirrhosis. 
The treatment of fatty liver primarily involves reducing the risk factors such as obesity, through lifestyle changes like diet and exercise.

2. How can one cure a fatty liver?
 

There is no medicine to cure fatty liver till now. Some lifestyle changes can help you manage your fatty liver, including:
 

1. Weight management
2. Eating a healthy diet, including vegetables, fruits, and whole grains
3. Restricting sugar and unhealthy fats
4. Avoiding alcohol intake
5. Increasing physical activity
6. Managing blood sugar levels
7. Monitoring and managing cholesterol levels

3. Can fatty liver disease be reversed naturally?
 

Losing weight is the best natural way to manage or reverse fatty liver. Although losing 10% of your body weight is a good goal, a loss of just 3-5 % of your current body weight can improve your liver health. When it comes to weight loss, it is very important that you lose weight safely and effectively. Go for a weight loss in the guidance of a healthcare professional for healthy weight loss or to better say fat loss.

4. How do I cure fatty liver naturally?
 

First of all if you are overweight or obese, go for weight loss under the supervision of a healthcare professional. A healthy weight loss is very effective in improving liver health. Opt for a healthy lifestyle, including:

1. Eat nutrient dense foods, like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
2. Replace unhealthy fats with healthy ones
3. Restrict sugar, sugary food items, and sugary drinks
4. Restrict alcohol intake
5. Regular exercise 
6. The best part of this healthy lifestyle is that it also helps manage other health issues, like high cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes.

5. What is a fatty liver, and how can it be cured naturally?
 

Liver is the largest organ present inside the body and performs several vital functions in the body. When there is fat build-up in your liver, the condition is called fatty liver disease. It decreases the working efficiency of the liver, depending upon the level of fat storage in it. 
There is no medication to treat fatty liver disease till now.  Losing weight is the best natural way to manage or reverse fatty liver. Although losing 10% of your body weight is a good goal, a loss of just 3-5 % of your current body weight can improve your liver health.

6. What are the 3 signs of a fatty liver?
 

Although, fatty liver disease is usually asymptomatic, some symptoms associated with it includes:   

1. Loss of appetite, nausea, and weight loss
2. Swollen abdomen and legs
3. Abdominal pain or feeling of fullness in the upper right side of the abdomen
4. Weakness, tiredness, and mental confusion

7. What is the fastest way to cure a non-alcoholic fatty liver?
 

The fat deposited in your liver is not an overnight process. So, don’t expect that it will be cured in just a few days. There is no medication to treat fatty liver. Undergiven are some steps to be followed to cure a non-alcoholic fatty liver:

1. Stop the intake of alcohol, sugar, sugary foods and drinks, unhealthy fats, fast foods, packaged foods, and excess salt. 
2. Include green vegetables, low carb fruits, healthy fat, nuts, seeds, and whole grains to your diet.
3. Include lean protein in your diet.
4. Regular exercise.
5. Healthy weight loss

8. What is a fatty liver, and how can we cure it?
 

Liver is the largest organ inside the body. It performs several vital functions, including food digestion, energy storage, and removal of toxins. When there is fat build up in the liver, the condition is called fatty liver. It reduces the working efficiency of the liver.  There is no medication for the treatment of fatty liver disease till now. 
Losing weight is the best natural way to manage or reverse fatty liver. Although losing 10% of your body weight is a good goal, a loss of just 3-5 % of your current body weight can improve your liver health. If you are diagnosed with fatty liver and you are overweight or obese, consult your doctor. He/she will advise you on the best way to manage your weight.

9. Can fatty liver be reduced?
 

Liver has an amazing ability to repair and detox itself. Avoiding alcohol or losing weight may help reduce liver fat and inflammation. If you are in an early stage of fatty liver disease, these steps may also reverse the disease condition. 
 

10. Is fatty liver grade 1 harmful? Can it be cured?
 

Normally fatty liver grade 1 is asymptomatic and benign, but if left untreated it can lead to serious health conditions, like cirrhosis. 
Yes, fatty liver grade 1 can be reversed with proper weight management and diet management.

11. How do I get rid of a fatty liver?
 

There is no specific medicine for fatty liver. The only way to get rid of it is lifestyle modification as follows:

1. Stop the intake of alcohol, sugar, sugary foods and drinks, unhealthy fats, fast foods, packaged foods, and excess salt. 
2. Include green vegetables, low carb fruits, healthy fat, nuts, seeds, and whole grains to your diet.
3. Include lean protein in your diet.
4. Regular exercise.
5. Healthy weight loss.

12. Why do I have a fatty liver (16 years old) when I'm not an alcoholic, do a lot of exercise, and eat well?

Fatty liver can develop to anyone whose carbohydrate intake especially fructose intake is high. When fatty liver occur in a alcoholic person, it is called alcoholic fatty liver disease and when it occur in a person with no alcohol consumption, it is called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Another term, MAFLD, metabolic disease associated fatty liver disease, is also given which is used inplace of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is diagnosed in patients with hepatic steatosis when they have the following three metabolic conditions, either alone or in combination:

1. obesity/overweight
2. diabetes and
3. metabolic dysregulation

13. When does the body give a sign of a fatty liver?
 

Fatty liver is usually symptomless until the disease progresses to cirrhosis of the liver, if someone has symptoms it includes:

1. Loss of appetite, nausea, and weight loss
2. Swollen abdomen and legs
3. Abdominal pain or feeling of fullness in the upper right side of the abdomen
4. Weakness, tiredness, and mental confusion
5. Yellowish skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice).

14. How much time does it take to reverse fatty liver grade 1?
 

The first and foremost thing to be done in case of fatty liver disease is to fix the diet. It can take anything from 2 months to 1 year, depending upon the condition of your liver, the lifestyle modification, including diet adopted by you, and how your liver responds to the modifications adopted by you.  
Losing weight is the best natural way to manage or reverse fatty liver. Although losing 10% of your body weight is a good goal, a loss of just 3-5 % of your current body weight can improve your liver health.

15. What is the best home-based treatment for a fatty liver?
 

Home remedies for the treatment of fatty liver disease:

1. Reduce excess weight, in case you are overweight or obese
2. Opt for Mediterranean diet
3. Do regular exercise
4. Include black coffee
5. Avoid sugar and sugary foods and drinks
6. Manage your cholesterol levels
7. Avoid consumption of substances which can irritate your liver, like alcohol. Must consult your doctor before taking any OTC medication, vitamins, or supplements if you are living with NAFLD.
8. Ask your doctor for omega-3 and vitamin E supplements. Both can reduce liver fat and reduce cholesterol levels.
9. Some substances have a positive effect on liver health, including turmeric, milk thistle, green tea, and resveratrol. 

16. How can one cure a fatty liver?
 

One can cure a fatty liver by adopting a healthy lifestyle, including dietary modifications, regular exercise, and healthy weight loss.

17. What is fatty liver disease?
 

Fatty liver disease is a condition caused due to too much fat build up in your liver. A healthy liver contains a small amount of fat. When this fat reaches 5-10% of the actual weight of the liver, the problem starts. 

18. How dangerous is fatty liver disease?
 

In the majority of cases, fatty liver disease doesn’t cause any serious problems. But in the case of 7-30% of people fatty liver gets worse over time. It progresses through 3 stages:

1. The first stage is called steatohepatitis in which the liver becomes inflamed, which damages its tissues. 
2. The second stage is fibrosis, in which scar tissue forms where your liver is damaged.
3. The third and last stage is cirrhosis of the liver in which scar tissue replaces the healthy tissue.

19. Who is at greater risk of developing fatty liver disease?
 

The chances of getting fatty liver disease increases in case if you are

1. an Asian
2. obese or increased belly fat
3. an woman whose period has stopped
4. a diabetic
5. suffering from high blood pressure and high cholesterol
6. Suffering from obstructive sleep apnea

20. What causes fatty liver disease?
 

The increased risk factors for fatty liver disease include:

1. Being obese or overweight
2. Insulin resistance or fatty liver disease
3. Metabolic syndrome
4. Certain medications 

21. How can fatty liver disease be prevented?
 

An overall healthy lifestyle can prevent you from fatty liver disease:

1. Weight management is the most important factor in prevention of fatty liver disease. If you are obese or overweight, go for healthy weight loss.
2. Half-an hour exercise per day, atleast 5 days a week is recommended for all healthy adults.
3. If you are alcoholic, limit your alcohol intake.
4. Take only prescribed medicines.

22. How is fatty liver disease treated?
 

There is no medication for fatty liver disease till now. The main focus of treatment is on controlling the factors that contribute to the condition. Treatment includes:

1. Weight management
2. Cholesterol and triglyceride management with the help of medications
3. Avoiding alcohol
4. Taking vitamin E supplements

23. Can fatty liver disease kill me?
 

Fatty liver disease usually does not cause any issues, but in some individuals it progresses to an advanced stage, known as cirrhosis of liver. Untreated liver cirrhosis leads to liver cancer or liver failure. Liver is a vital organ and you can't survive without it. 

Read our blog on fatty liver - Fatty Liver: What It Is, and How to Get Rid of It

Want to know more about fatty liver disease?

No worries join our fatty liver forum and ask questions there. we will be happy to help you.

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DietPlusMinus Weight Loss Diet Plan 

Weight loss is definitely a difficult task to accomplish, but sometimes people make it more complicated by counting every calorie. Of course, there’s no magic tip that can do the job instantly, but you definitely don’t need to strip your diet of entire food groups for losing weight.

The fact is that no matter whether you intend to lose 5kg or 15kg, the quantity of weight you lose is determined by the same principles. So, instead of adopting a radical approach, you should try to introduce a series of healthy habits into your daily routine. According to dietplusminus, to lose weight fast you should first understand what might lead to weight gain.

What Leads To Weight Gain?

So, what exactly might cause you to gain that excess weight? Well, there’s only one reason (except for medical conditions) that causes people to gain excessive weight and hinders the weight loss process as well. It’s the bad habits, eating what you shouldn’t, not eating what you should, having an excess of something unnecessarily, etc.

Say, for example, eating too much-processed foods, or sugar can lead to excessive weight gain. Maybe, you are confusing  'fat-free' with 'calorie-free'. Or you just eat without thinking when you had this eating fits out of nowhere.

Simply put, there are two main things that will determine your weight- the number of calories you take in and the number of calories you burn, on a daily basis. Apart from all this, your genetics can also play a role in both weight gain and weight loss.

Why Should You Lose Weight?

It is indeed a valid question as to why should you actually consider losing weight even though you’re perfectly comfortable being chubby. Well, there’s actually just one reason, but it’s pretty serious. If you are overweight or obese, this means you are at a higher risk of some potentially serious health problems like high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, back pain, and even some types of cancer!

So, basically, you are a ticking time bomb! Nah, just kidding, you are as fine as anyone else but definitely, there are these potential risks to consider. You should know that these risks are directly proportional to the amount of excess weight that you have. More excess pounds mean the deadlier potential risks you face. Therefore, for the best of your health, you should set out on the journey of weight loss to lose those extra pounds.

Commonly asked questions on weight loss:

1. What is the best weight loss diet?
 

Everyone’s body responds differently to different types of diets. So, it is necessary to customize a diet plan best suitable for you. Sometimes a well-balanced and low-calorie diet works in losing weight whereas in some cases a low carb diet is needed. 

2. What is the simplest diet plan to reduce fat?
 

The diet plan to reduce fat depends upon the place of deposition of fat, whether it is subcutaneous or visceral. Depending upon the type of fat deposited in your body and your current health conditions, a diet plan is prepared for you. 

3. What would be an ideal and easy diet plan?
 

An ideal and easy diet plan is a well-balanced diet, containing food items from all the food groups, cereals, pulses, dairy/ poultry, healthy fats, fruits, and vegetables in adequate proportions. However, it works for a healthy individual. If you have some health issues, you must contact your health care professional, to understand the proportion of these food items suitable for you. 

4. What should be on my daily diet chart?
 

If you are a healthy individual, meaning you don’t have any serious health issues, you should select food items from all the food groups (cereals, pulses, dairy/ poultry, healthy fats, fruits, and vegetables). 50-55% of calories of your diet should come from carbs, 25% from proteins, and the remaining from fat. Give more emphasis on high biological value protein items (egg, poultry, paneer, etc.). Replace simple carbs from your diet with complex carbs, including salads, oats, green vegetables, etc. Avoid trans fat. Include omega-3-rich fat sources in your diet, including fatty fish, nuts, seeds, olive oil, avocado oil, etc. 

5. What is the best diet for healthy living?

The best diet for healthy living is a well-balanced diet, including food items from all the food groups (cereals, pulses, dairy/ poultry, healthy fats, fruits, and vegetables). The most important virtue of a healthy diet is the elimination of bad food habits, including consumption of simple carbs, trans fats, and excess intake of starchy vegetables. These not only increase overall weight but also increase the cravings for sugary and salty food, which in turn increases calorie intake and weight gain. 
                  
6. What is a diet plan for weight loss for an Indian?
 

In most cases, a well-balanced diet (50-55% from carbs, 25% from protein, and the remaining from fat) having slightly lower calories than the requirement of your body, calculated based on your BMR and TDEE, is sufficient to reduce your weight. But in the case of fat which is old, the percentage of carbs is reduced. This is done after going through some of your blood reports. It is suggested not to start any kind of diet on your own, because it can be dangerous for your overall health. 

7. What is the best Indian diet for weight loss?
 

First of all, it is important to understand that fat loss is necessary, not weight loss. In this case, when you put your body on a very low-calorie diet, i.e, starvation, weight loss occurs, but this weight loss is partially from fat and rest from muscles. So, your body is in a worse situation, when compared with your previous situation. Opt for a healthy, well-balanced diet and eliminate trans fat, starchy vegetables, packaged and processed foods, and simple carbs from your diet. Go for a diet slightly lower in calories than the requirement of your body, calculated based on your BMR and TDEE. Include green leafy vegetables, salads, complex carbs, legumes, healthy fats, low-fat dairy, and poultry in your diet.  It will help in losing weight. If it doesn’t work, contact a healthcare professional. He/ she will guide you regarding this. 

8. With what diet can I lose a lot of weight fast? 
 

First of all, fast weight loss is not good. Always remember, slow and steady wins the race. Going for a crash diet to lose weight always gives you certain health issues in addition to weight loss. So, weight loss by opting for a healthy lifestyle is always good. It develops a habit of healthy eating and simple workouts in your daily routine. It keeps you healthy and sustains you forever. 

9. Suggest some diet ideas to reduce weight in Indian girls.
 

The diet of an Indian girl must be rich in protein and iron because protein and iron deficiency is very common among Indian girls especially if she is vegetarian. Non-vegetarian Indian girls should include egg, chicken, fish, and lean meat at least five days a week. It will provide adequate protein and iron. The diet of a vegetarian Indian girl should include paneer, soya chunks, legumes, and other low-fat dairy products. Vegetarian girls must include citrus fruits in their diet, as the vitamin C present in citrus fruits enhances the absorption of iron from a vegetarian diet. Additionally, the diet of Indian girls should be well balanced, including green leafy vegetables, salads, complex carbs, legumes, healthy fats, low-fat dairy, and poultry. Drink plenty of water.

10. Suggest some diet ideas for fat loss.
 

Ideas for fat loss:
1. Don’t do binge eating
2. Emphasize complex carbs, as it reduces cravings. Avoid simple carbs, starchy vegetables, and processed and packaged foods.
3. Opt for lean protein, including low-fat dairy, fish, poultry, legumes, and lean meat. Avoid full-fat dairy and red meat.
4. Include healthy fat in your diet, including nuts, seeds, olive oil, avocado oil, etc. Avoid trans fats and fats very high in omega-6 fatty acids. 
5. Include salads, low GI fruits, sprouts, and plenty of water in your diet. 

11. What is the right diet for losing weight?
 

The best diet for losing fat is a well-balanced diet, with controlled calories. Don’t overeat. Drink plenty of water. Emphasize complex carbs (oats, salads, brown bread, multigrain flour, etc.), lean protein (poultry, low-fat dairy, etc.), and healthy fats (nuts, seeds, olive oil, avocado oil, etc.). Avoid simple carbs (sugar, jaggery, etc.), high fat protein (full-fat dairy, red meat, etc.), unhealthy fats (trans fat and fat high in omega-6 fatty acids), and processed and packaged foods. 

12. What Indian diet should I follow to lose 25 kg weight?
 

You have not accumulated 25 kgs extra weight in one day. So, don’t expect to lose this in a week or month. A healthy diet in addition to proper physical activity is essential to losing this much weight. Limit your calorie intake. Emphasize complex carbs (oats, salads, brown bread, multigrain flour, etc.), lean protein (poultry, low-fat dairy, etc.), and healthy fats (nuts, seeds, olive oil, avocado oil, etc.). Avoid simple carbs (sugar, jaggery, etc.), high fat protein (full-fat dairy, red meat, etc.), unhealthy fats (trans fat and fat high in omega-6 fatty acids), and processed and packaged foods. If it doesn’t work, meaning you don’t lose any weight by opting for this for a month, contact a healthcare professional. He/ she will guide you regarding this. 

13. How to create a vegetarian weight loss diet plan?
 

Don’t overeat. It is a bad habit, just like poking your nose or not cleaning your hands before eating. Vegetarians should include low-fat dairy products, especially paneer in their daily diet. Soya chunks, rajma, chickpeas, tofu, paneer, etc are good replacements for meat, poultry, and fish. Include complex carbs in your diet (oats, salads, brown bread, multigrain flour, etc.). Opt for healthy fat options, including nuts, seeds, olive oil, avocado oil, etc. Avoid simple carbs (sugar, jaggery, etc.), high fat protein, like full-fat dairy, unhealthy fats (trans fat and fat high in omega-6 fatty acids), and processed and packaged foods. 

14. What is the best South Indian diet plan to reduce weight?
 

For reducing weight by eating a South Indian diet, first of all, replace rice with millets in making idlis. Plain ragi dosas and low-calorie appams are also good options. Steamed millet idlis with a bowl full of sambhar is a good option. Don’t eat idli, appams, or dosas with chutney alone, must include a medium bowl full of sambhar with it. Include salads, sprouts, nuts, seeds, low-fat paneer, poultry, and fish in your daily diet. 

15. What is a South Indian diet plan to lose 10 kg weight in 1 month?
 

First of all neither you can gain 10 kg in 1 month nor you can lose it, in normal situations. Don’t overeat. Drink plenty of water. Opt for steamed millet idlis, ragi dosas, and low-calorie appams. Don’t eat idli, appams, or dosas with chutney alone, must include a medium bowl full of sambhar with it. Include salads, sprouts, nuts, seeds, low-fat paneer, poultry, and fish in your daily diet. Additionally, start low resistance exercises at least 30 minutes a day for 5 days a week. 

16. Recommend some South Indian foods for weight loss.
 

Some South Indian foods for weight loss include steamed millet idlis, ragi dosas, and low-calorie appams. They are undoubtedly healthy, but still high in carbs. So, you can't depend upon these foods if you desire weight loss. Include salads, sprouts, nuts, seeds, low-fat paneer, poultry, and fish in your daily diet. Drink plenty of water. Avoid binge eating. A well-balanced diet (50-55% from carbs, 25% from protein, and the remaining from fat) having slightly lower calories than the requirement of your body, calculated based on your BMR and TDEE, is sufficient to reduce your weight. 

17. What is a South Indian 1000-calorie diet plan for weight loss?
 

First of all, intake of a 1000-calorie diet is not safe. If you continue this for 3 months or more, it will drag you into starvation mode. A well-balanced diet (50-55% from carbs, 25% from protein, and the remaining from fat) having slightly lower calories than the requirement of your body, calculated based on your BMR and TDEE, is sufficient to reduce your weight.
However, if you want a 1000-calorie diet plan go through the given link. ………………link.
 

18. How to reduce weight naturally?
 

To reduce weight naturally, the most important aspect is calorie control. A well-balanced diet (50-55% from carbs, 25% from protein, and the remaining from fat) having slightly lower calories than the requirement of your body, calculated based on your BMR and TDEE, is sufficient to reduce your weight. Include complex carbs in your diet (oats, salads, brown bread, multigrain flour, etc.). Eat lean protein (low fat paneer, poultry, fish, and legumes). Opt for healthy fat options, including nuts, seeds, olive oil, avocado oil, etc. Avoid simple carbs (sugar, jaggery, etc.), high fat protein, like full-fat dairy, red meat, unhealthy fats (trans fat and fat high in omega-6 fatty acids), and processed and packaged foods. 

19. How do I start losing weight?
 

For beginners, elimination of bad food habits and inclusion of low resistance exercise for 30 minutes per day, at least 5 days a week is good. Here bad food habits mean overeating, eating too late at night, eating simple carbs, and processed and packaged foods. Include complex carbs in your diet (oats, salads, brown bread, multigrain flour, etc.). Eat lean protein (low fat paneer, poultry, fish, and legumes). Opt for healthy fat options, including nuts, seeds, olive oil, avocado oil, etc. 

20. What do I have to do to lose weight?
 

To lose weight, leave simple carbs (sugar, honey, jaggery, etc), processed foods, and packaged foods today. Increase your physical activity (at least 30 minutes per day, 5 days a week). Limit your calorie intake, i.e., don’t overeat.  Include complex carbs in your diet (oats, salads, brown bread, multigrain flour, etc.). Eat lean protein (low fat paneer, poultry, fish, and legumes). Opt for healthy fat options, including nuts, seeds, olive oil, avocado oil, etc. Avoid simple carbs (sugar, jaggery, etc.), high fat protein, like full-fat dairy, red meat, unhealthy fats (trans fat and fat high in omega-6 fatty acids), and processed and packaged foods. 

21. Is working out mandatory for losing weight?
 

Workout, especially medium resistance exercise is very important during losing weight. It helps in muscle gain, needed in the formation of a toned body. It also helps in faster fat loss and increases your metabolism. 

22. How do I lose weight without doing exercise?
 

However, some diets can help you lose weight without doing exercise, it is necessary for the formation of healthy muscles and also to boost your metabolism. It helps in faster fat loss, and muscle gain, and increases your metabolism. A well-balanced diet (50-55% from carbs, 25% from protein, and the remaining from fat) having slightly lower calories than the requirement of your body, calculated based on your BMR and TDEE, is sufficient to reduce your weight.

23. What are the best ways to lose weight?
 

The best way to lose weight is a well-balanced diet in addition to a medium resistance exercise for 30 minutes per day, at least 5 days a week. The formula of a well-balanced diet is 55: 25: 20, i.e, 55 % of your calories should come from carbohydrates, 25% from protein, and the rest from fat. But make one thing very clear in your mind you have to opt for complex carbs, lean protein, and healthy fats to lose weight. 

24. How can I lose weight without side effects?
 

Make one thing very clear in your mind slow and steady wins the race. The use of supplements and pills to lose weight can give you results in just a few weeks, but in addition, there are severe side effects associated with these products. A healthy well-balanced diet in addition to adequate physical activity gives you the best result. A healthy diet and exercise gradually become the most important part of your daily routine. A well-balanced diet (50-55% from carbs, 25% from protein, and the remaining from fat) having slightly lower calories than the requirement of your body, calculated based on your BMR and TDEE, is sufficient to reduce your weight. Opt for complex carbs, lean protein, and healthy fats to lose weight. 

25. Can I exercise every day whenever I want to lose weight?
 

No, it’s not necessary to do exercise every day of the week. A low resistance exercise for 30 minutes per day, at least 5 days a week, or a high-intensity workout 3-5 days a week can help you in burning fat more effectively, increase metabolism, and helps in muscle build-up. Don't exercise for 2 hours after having a meal. 

26. How can I lose weight quickly?
 

There is no such rule as losing weight quickly. Some companies boast that their pills and supplements can help you lose weight quickly, but there is not much evidence to prove this. A balanced diet with limited calories and medium to high resistance exercise half an hour per day, at least 5 days a week can help you lose fat, increase muscles, and also increase your metabolism. 

27. When individuals lose weight quickly, where is most of the weight lost from?
 

First of all, quick weight loss is not healthy weight loss. You can lose weight quickly either by peels and supplements or by taking very low calories. Both of these can cause severe side effects. In the case of quick and unhealthy weight loss, the loss is from water, muscle tissue, and bones. In the case of healthy weight loss i.e., the loss is from water, fat, and glycogen. 

28. How can I lose weight at home, if I can't stop eating too much?
 

Too much eating is a result of too much craving. Eating unhealthy and simple carbs, and processed and packaged foods results in cravings. So, if you replace these food items with complex carbs, nuts, seeds, and adequate amounts of lean protein, you will feel full for a long time. This in turn will result in lesser calorie intake and reduced weight.

29. What are tips for quick weight loss?
 

There is no such hard and fast rule for quick weight loss. Some companies boast that their pills and supplements will help reduce weight quickly, but there is no strong evidence to prove this. The best way to lose weight is eating a healthy balanced diet with limited calories, in addition to medium to high-intensity exercise for 30 minutes per day, at least 5 days a week. 

30. Is intermittent fasting effective in weight loss?
 

Intermittent fasting involves regular short-term fasts. Intermittent fasting causes lesser calorie intake due to fasting periods in between. It results in weight loss over time. Additionally, intermittent fasting modifies the risk factor for health conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease, by lowering cholesterol and blood sugar levels. 

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Why Dr. Pankaj Kumar's Lifestyle Modification Program

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Download your Navratri weight loss diet plan 

Selection of the right food during the 9 (nine) days of Navratri is crucial. It is the best time to detox your body. Eating a diet rich in protein and good quality fat is the wisest way to detox your body. But unluckily, most of us go either towards complete fasting or remain on a diet containing more than 80% of carbs. Both of these options are dangerous for your body. We have started a healthy diet chart for fasting in the year 2021. We are giving a 100% Free Navratri diet plan for one day. You can subscribe to our silver and premium plans for 9 days Navratri diet plans.

These are some important Navratri fast rules

The 9-day fast of the festival Navratri is dedicated to shakti and is going to begin on the 6th of October 2021. This is an old tradition to keep fast for 9 days, followed by both men and women of various age groups. Navratri is celebrated two times a year, Chaitra (spring), and Sharad (autumn). By opting for a sattvic diet (food without onion, garlic, species, oil, and non-vegetarian products), people strengthen their body and mind for a change in season, which brings along with it illnesses and diseases.

Some important points to be kept in mind during Navratri fast

1. This is an ideal time to connect with the spiritual self. Detox and strengthen your body from inside.

2. Opt for a variety of fresh seasonal fruits, nuts, and low-calorie dairy products. This will help in the removal of free radicals from the body as these food products are loaded with antioxidants.

3. Take plenty of liquid, including water, coconut water, fresh fruit juices, milkshakes, and buttermilk. This will keep you hydrated, nourish the body and moisturize the skin.

4. Give rest to your digestive system by replacing wheat, rice, and lentils with kuttu ka aata, singhare ka aata, samai, sabudana, makhana phool, etc.

5. Sendha namak is used in the preparation of food in place of table salt.

6. The heat-generating species include turmeric (Haldi), coriander (dhania), hing (asafoetida), garam masala, mustard (sarson), and clove (lavang) are avoided by the devotees during this period. Cumin (jeera) and black pepper (kali mirch) are the spices included during Navratri fast. Mustard oil and refined oil are replaced by ghee and peanut oil.

7. Meditation and prayers are significant parts of Navratri's fast. They help in the detoxification of the body, mind as well as soul.

Diet during Navratri fasting

People from northern and western India are gearing up for the 9 days of the Navratri celebration. Eating a balanced diet during Navratri will tone your body and detox you from the inside. Take plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables, and water, and a moderate amount of nuts, seeds, and low-calorie dairy. Although it is a great opportunity to lose weight, it can be opposed and make you gain weight too. To select a healthy diet plan for you consult Dr. Pankaj Kumar.

Reasons which can make you fat during this period

• Some people opt for a diet very low in calories needed by their body and while breaking the fast go crazy for food and eat anything, resulting in sudden weight gain.

• Some people have no time to cook, in such cases, they should go for fruits, low-calorie dairy, and sauteed veggies. But they prefer to go for packaged foods, chips, thalis, laddoos. All of these are loaded with carb and low-quality fat. This causes weight gain and in turn, results in a lot of health issues.

• Not drinking enough water is also a reason for making you fat during this period.

• Opting outside food instead of home-cooked food results in more and more carb and fat intake again resulting in weight gain.

Navratri Vrat Diet - Foods To Detox Your Body - Healthy Navratri Diet

The first thing which comes to mind is what to include in the Navratri diet plan for 9 days? 

Some healthy foods to be included during 9 days of Navratri:

1. Fruits: A large variety of fresh fruits are available during this period like Apple, pear, banana, pomegranate, sweet lime, pineapple, strawberries, and many more. Select fruits of your choice and enjoy the relish of these fruits.

2. Vegetables: Many vegetables are allowed during Navratri fast including, potatoes, sweet potato, arbi, kachalu, yam, lemon, raw pumpkin, ripe pumpkin, spinach, tomatoes, bottle gourd, cucumber, carrots, etc. Select vegetables you like and saute them using a small amount of ghee and have it. This will help detox your body. 

3. Buckwheat: It is commonly known as kuttu ka aata. It is gluten-free and a rich source of nutrients like phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, and vitamin B.

4. Singhara or water chestnut: singhara is a fruit. Its flour is obtained by drying the fruit. It is a rich source of potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, and fiber. In addition, it is low in sodium. So, a great option for people with hypertension and other heart problems.

5. Samak: It belongs to the millet family. It can be used to make rice or khichdi. It can also be turned into flour to make roti, cheela, poorie, etc. In addition to many macro and micronutrients, it is an excellent source of phytochemicals.

6. Sabudana or sago: Sabudana is a carb-dense food item (mainly starch) permitted during Navratri. It can be used in small amounts with plenty of fresh vegetables and peanuts to make delicious khichdi to be eaten with curd. You can also make sabudana kheer with small amounts of jaggery, and moderate amounts of low-fat milk and nuts.

7. Rajgira or amaranth: It can be used to prepare khichdi, laddoos, etc. Its flour is used for preparing roti and cheela. 

8. Nuts: Nuts including almonds, pistachios, cashews, raisins, walnuts, pine nuts, and peanuts can be consumed during Navratri fast. You can add them in recipes or can eat them otherwise. Nuts are an excellent source of essential fatty acids and also a good source of protein. 

9. Lotus seeds or makhana Phool: Makhana is very low in carbs and calories and contains small amounts of protein also. It is a rich source of potassium and low in sodium. You can make several delicious recipes from makhana, including makhana kheer, makhana aloo, or simply makhana sabzi. It can also be eaten by sauteing it using small amounts of fat. 

10. Low-calorie dairy products: You can fulfill your daily protein needs from toned or double toned milk, curd, or paneer made from toned milk. These are the protein-rich sources that can be taken during Navratri fast and are available countrywide. 

So, these are the essential component for 9 (nine) days diet plan during the Navratri. You can also purchase the Navratri diet plan for better weight control by our 9 (nine) days Navratri diet plan.

Weight loss in Navratri

It is time to lose your fat mass and detox your body. Given below are some healthy tips for you to opt for during Navratri fast. 

1. Eat more fruits and vegetables

2. Opt for small and frequent meals

3. Drink plenty of water

4. Get moving

5. Select homemade snacks in place of outside foods

6. Consume a small amount of visible fat

7. Consume small amounts of nuts in between meals 

8. Opt for low-fat dairy

Navratri diet recipes you can include in your diet chart for fasting

Some delicious and healthy fasting recipes for you to be taken during Navratri fast:

1. Kuttu ke aate ka cheela: This is a low-calorie recipe containing some protein and fat. Although low in calories, it provides fullness for a long time. 

2. Strawberry milkshake: This is low in calories and carbs and rich in protein. You can drink it during morning breakfast or in between meals.

3. Pineapple smoothie: It has a delicious taste and is very rich in micronutrients. Try it for breakfast or mid-day snacks.

4. Peanut chaat: It is a low-carb, moderate-protein-containing recipe. You can take it as a meal. It will provide fullness for a long time.

5. Makhana bhel: It is a low-calorie and low-carb recipe. You can have it during meals or in-between snacks. 

6. Makhana kheer: It is just delicious. It will provide protein also. 

7. Navratri special paneer rolls: Consume this healthy and delicious recipe whenever you have a craving.

8. Pomegranate raita: Try this recipe containing curd along with juicy pomegranate. It is low in calories and contains protein.

9. Vrat wale paneer chat: It is a low-calorie and low-carb recipe high in protein. Must go for it to fulfill your protein needs.  

10. Vrat-special energy bar: It is a delicious recipe containing essential fatty acids. Try it in between meals.

11. Fried potatoes: It is a delicious savory allowed during Navratri fast. 

12. Shakarkand halwa: Try this tasty halwa recipe. It is a complete meal and will give you fullness for a long time.

13. Sabudana kheer: It is a complete meal containing carbs, protein, and fat. 

14. Badam halwa: It is delicious and provides protein along with high amounts of essential fatty acids.

15. Milk rabri: A delicious dessert that provides a good amount of protein also. 

16. Mix dry fruits shake: Apart from being yummy, it is also rich in protein and essential fatty acids. 

17. Lauki ka halwa: Healthy, delicious recipe. Good source of protein and essential fatty acids.

How Modi's Navratri diet plan is different from our Navratri diet plan for weight loss

Diet may vary from one state to another state, but the basic principles remain the same. Prime minister Modi's Navratri diet plan is popular in India as well as abroad. He looks very fit and active. Some sources on the internet say that he has been doing fasting for a long time and doing yoga and other lifestyle modification practices. Given Dr. Pankaj Kumar's opinion, the main difference is in his eating habits and state where he lives. Modi lives in New Delhi, but his eating habit and food pattern are almost similar to Gujrati culture. According to some sources on the internet, Modi's inclination to local food is making it different.

The second difference is his daily requirements. The daily requirement is different for different individuals, and he knows very well how much he needs and how much he has to take. 

Food habit development takes a lot of time, and it is not necessary to copy others' food habits for a better body shape or weight loss. Rectify only bad food habits and try to maintain old food habits. It will not change your food satisfaction quality, as described by Dr. Pankaj Kumar.

How to handle craving during Navratri fast?

Some people adjust fasting days in good work, but some may not tolerate these and they hop from one snack to other. The solution for this craving is you must consume a healthy low salt diet namkeen which can be easily prepared at home.

Calculate your Basic Metabolic Rate

12 foods to increase your immunity during Navratri fast

Navratri is the longest Hindu festival, celebrated all over the country. Although there are four (4) Navratri in a year, the two (2) most popular are Shardiya Navratri and Chaitra Navratri. People fast for nine (9) days during this period. This is the weather change time and almost everyone's immunity is compromised at this time. So, the main goal of fasting is not only to purify the soul but also to detoxify the body.

Mindful selection of immunity-boosting foods, containing balanced amounts of carbs, proteins, fats, and various micronutrients is very necessary during this period. Foods that can boost your immunity during this period of fasting are:

1. Citrus fruits

Fruits like grapefruits, oranges, lemons, and sweet limes are rich sources of vitamin C. Include them in your breakfast.

Vitamin C helps in quick recovery from cold.

2. Red and yellow bell peppers:

Red bell peppers are also a very rich source of vitamin C. In addition, they are also rich in beta carotene.

This beta carotene converts into Vitamin A in your body and helps keep skin and eyes healthy. 

3. Ginger

Ginger is excellent anti-inflammatory food. Ginger may reduce sore throat and other inflammatory illnesses. It also reduces the symptoms of nausea, decreases chronic pain, and may also lower cholesterol levels.

4. Spinach

Spinach is packed with several antioxidants, including Vitamin C and beta carotene.

Both of these have the infection-fighting ability. 

5. Dairy Products

Dairy products including milk, cheese, and curd are packed with several essential nutrients like Vitamin A and D, zinc, and proteins.

All of these have specific roles in the immune system. 

6. Ghee

Ghee is a rich source of butyrate. It greatly improves immunity and keeps the gut healthy.

To reap the maximum benefits of ghee, select 100% pure cow ghee. 

7. Almonds

Almonds are packed with Vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin. In addition, it is also a good source of essential fatty acids.

It not only helps fight off cold but also prevents it. 

8. Sunflower seeds

Sunflower seeds are rich in phosphorus, magnesium, Vitamin B6, and E. It is also incredibly high in selenium.

All these nutrients make sunflower seeds an excellent immunity booster food item. 

9. Fox Nuts (makhana)

Makhana is an excellent anti-aging, detoxifying and anti-inflammatory food as it is abundant in various types of antioxidants and a natural anti-inflammatory compound called kaempferol. It is high in magnesium, potassium, and calcium and low in sodium. So, it is a good option for hypertensive patients also. 

10. Green tea

In addition to flavonoids, green tea is also an excellent source of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). This compound is lost from the black tea during the process of fermentation. Green tea is also a good source of L-theanine.

L-theanine may aid in the production of germ-fighting compounds in your T cells.

11. Papaya

Papaya is loaded with Vitamin C. It also contains a digestive enzyme, papain which also has an anti-inflammatory action on the body.

It is also a decent source of potassium, magnesium, and folate.

12. Kiwi

The Vitamin C present in kiwi boosts white blood cells to fight infection.

In addition, kiwi is also a good source of folate, potassium, and vitamin K. 

4 Foods that can weaken your immunity during Navratri fast

1. Added sugar

Foods that increase the blood sugar levels significantly, like foods rich in added sugar, increase the production of inflammatory proteins like tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), all of which negatively affect immune function.

It is especially harmful to diabetic people, as they have elevated blood sugar levels for longer when compared with people with well-regulated blood sugar levels. 

2. Salty foods

Salty foods like chips and vrat-special packaged namkeens present in the market may also impair your immune response.

High salt may trigger tissue inflammation and increase the risk of autoimmune disease. 

3. Omega-6 fats-rich food

Both omega-3 and omega-6 are needed by our body to function.

Diets high in omega-6 fats seem to promote the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins that may weaken the immune response, while diets higher in omega-3 fats reduce the production of those proteins and enhance immune function. Vrat special thalis, namkeens, and other fancy food items present in the market are normally high in omega-6 fats.

4. Fried foods

When foods are fried, a group of molecules, called advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed. AEGs are formed when sugars react with proteins or fats during high-temperature cooking.

High levels of AGEs in the body may contribute to inflammation and cellular damage. This chemical is also known to weaken the immune system in various ways. So, avoid fried foods like chips and french fries.

Diet Plan For Obesity Induced Infertility

According to WHO, if the BMI of your body is greater than 25 kg/m2, it is considered overweight and if the BMI equals or is greater than 30 kg/m2, then it is considered obesity. It has been found that overweight women have a very high hence of menstrual dysfunction and anovulation. Overweight and obese women are always at a very high risk of reproductive malfunction. Even the risk of subfecundity and infertility, conception rates, miscarriage rates, and pregnancy complications are increased in these women.

In case you are overweight and are planning to build a family then you must get rid of excess fats to avoid any complications and be on the safer side.

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High Cholesterol or Triglycerides  Lowering Diet Plan

Millions of people are diagnosed with high cholesterol levels and high triglycerides levels each year. These two may not be too lethal themselves but can give rise to other deadly medical conditions. These include heart attack, stroke, etc. Therefore, it is important to keep the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in check. And we at dietplusminus strongly believe that the best way to lower high cholesterol/triglycerides levels is to follow a healthy diet.

What are High Cholesterol/Triglyceride levels?

These are two types of fat (lipid) in your blood and therefore are related. They are important for your body. Cholesterol is present in every cell of your body and has structural importance as well as is required to make hormones, vitamin D, etc. Triglycerides are the extra calories that your body stores for energy between meals. But, high quantities of cholesterol/triglycerides in the blood limits blood flow and thus give rise to other serious medical problems.

There are no symptoms and therefore it becomes difficult to know if you have high cholesterol/triglycerides. But, high cholesterol/triglycerides can be detected by blood tests. So, dietplusminus recommends you check your cholesterol and triglycerides levels periodically for early detection.

High triglycerides can also harden your arteries, increasing the risk of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. If it goes untreated, you can also develop pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas). High cholesterol/triglycerides are often related to other health conditions like obesity, metabolic syndrome, etc.

What Causes High Cholesterol/Triglycerides?

High cholesterol can be caused by a lot of risk factors. First, a poor/wrong diet is the number one to be discussed. Eating too many saturated fats and trans fats (present in animal products, commercial cookies, crackers, microwave popcorn, etc.) can highly raise the risk. Other foods such as red meat and full-fat dairy products also increase the risk. Further, obesity and lack of exercise, smoking, etc. like bad habits can also increase cholesterol. Diabetes and your age also play a role in this. 

On the other hand, high triglycerides are usually caused by other conditions such as obesity, untreated diabetes, thyroid, kidney disease, high alcohol consumption, etc. Eating too many calories than you burn regularly can also lead to this condition. Some medications can also raise triglycerides. These include steroids, diuretics, birth control pills, etc.  Moreover, your genetics may also play a role.

How To Cure High Cholesterol/Triglycerides With Diet?

High cholesterol/triglycerides can be treated with a healthy diet. Firstly, you need to avoid consuming saturated and trans fats. Also, dietplusminus recommends you lower your sugar intake and limit foods with cholesterol. Avoid eating animal organs such as liver, egg yolks, shrimp, etc. Rather you should eat lots of fruits and vegetables, all kinds. You should also consume plenty of soluble fiber (whole-grain cereals, apples, bananas, legumes, lentils, kidney beans, etc.)

Omega-3 fatty acids are your friends, so eat fish. But, make sure to limit salt and alcohol consumption. Lose some weight and maintain a healthy weight. Be more active and quit smoking. Dietplusminus recommends you visit a nutrition expert for a proper diet. If you follow the diet, you can control your cholesterol and triglycerides levels without any medications.

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IBS and Functional Dyspepsia

It is assessed that 40% of all gastroenterology center visits are for functional gastrointestinal disorders, and an ongoing study of generalists and gastroenterologists found that about 33% of their patient populace had side effects of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 

Numerous patients with IBS have dyspepsia; similarly, numerous patients with dyspepsia additionally have overlapping symptoms that mimic IBS. These two sets of patients are comparative in that side effects are regularly chronic, may come and go, are irritated by psychosocial stressors, and are frequently troubled by suppers. What's more, the two issues are viewed as hard to analyze by numerous doctors, and without notice signs or "warnings," broad testing is probably not going to be useful. These likenesses raise the issue of whether IBS and dyspepsia are simply different manifestations of a similar issue or whether they speak to unmistakable clinical substances.

Managing patients with IBS and Functional Dyspepsia can be a challenging and frustrating process for clinicians. Currently, these two common Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders are thought of as completely distinct entities. Because many patients have overlapping symptoms of IBS and dyspepsia, maintaining two separate diagnoses leads to separate, but often parallel, processes of evaluation and treatment. Tragically, these outcomes in repetitive lab tests, duplication of demonstrative investigations, visit office visits, and the utilization of numerous meds.

What plays a role in the development of these disorders?

These factors may play a critical role in the development and expression of these chronic disorders

• Prior infection

• Inflammation

• Stress

• History of abuse to the gastrointestinal system - Injury to the enteric nervous system may be the common

Some patients will manifest the abnormal pathophysiology that develops as a result of enteric nervous system injury with primarily upper GI tract symptoms (epigastric fullness and discomfort, bloating, nausea), whereas others will manifest primarily lower GI symptoms (abdominal pain and disordered defecation). Treatment options for IBS and FD should be directed at modulating both peripheral and central pain mechanisms, to improve symptoms, improve quality of life, and minimize the economic burden on society.

Rome II Criteria for Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Dyspepsia

Functional Dyspepsia

Functional dyspepsia is a common health issue in the digestive system of humans. Around 1.5 billion people around the world face this issue. Although functional dyspepsia is not very lethal, it can surely affect the quality of your life as it can last for a long.  It can be managed by taking medication, but diet and lifestyle changes are as important. 

What Is Functional Dyspepsia?

Functional dyspepsia (indigestion) is the name given to some symptoms of indigestion that show up without any obvious cause. 

So basically, your digestive system seems all okay, but there are symptoms of stomach pain, discomfort, bloating, etc. just like that of ulcers. It is also known as non-ulcer stomach pain or non-ulcer dyspepsia. It usually does not lead to any serious consequences, but it should not be neglected. Because, sometimes it can be caused by a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori, which can cause ulcers in the stomach in the long run. 

This is the most common type of dyspepsia. The symptoms can vary, but its prominent symptoms include nausea, bloating and bleaching, stomach upset or pain, vomiting, etc. Other less common symptoms include burping, sour mouth, weight loss, psychological distress, etc. If these symptoms come and go away within a month, then you most probably don’t have functional dyspepsia. 

Further, these symptoms can be suppressed by over-the-counter medication. But, dietplusminus recommends making necessary changes in diet and lifestyle as soon as possible to avoid unpleasant complications.

What Causes Functional Dyspepsia?

Functional dyspepsia does not have one single cause. It is not known what causes it. It is called 'functional' because it does not have a diagnosable cause. Several reasons may lead to this functional disorder. 

Some of the causes include allergens, infection due to bacteria, excess acid secretion in the stomach, unhealthy diet, lifestyle, obesity, etc. Some factors are known to increase the risk of functional dyspepsia. 

Females are known to develop this disorder more than males. Similarly, elders and chain smokers are at a higher risk of developing it. Moreover, studies have also shown that a history of childhood physical or sexual abuse may also be a risk factor. Further, there is an unknown link between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and indigestion. Because around one-third of the people affected by this disorder develop IBS.

Functional Dyspepsia Diet Idea

First of all, you need to make some lifestyle changes. Always eat slowly, as eating too fast affects the process of digestion. Also, eating foods that are high in fat can aggravate the symptoms. High alcohol consumption, as well as cigarette smoking, can also worsen the condition. 

Studies have shown that some foods can effectively alleviate the symptoms. These include:

• Apples

• Dates

• Honey

• Rice

• Yogurt

• Walnuts

While some can aggravate the symptoms:

• Watermelon

• Citrus juice

• Carbonated drinks

• Caffeine (coffee)

• Oily and fatty foods

Read about Irritable Bowel Syndrome

But, as the symptoms vary from person to person, so dietplusminus suggests that it is better to seek help from a medical practitioner to set up a proper diet plan. 

How To Enroll To Get IBS or Functional Dyspepsia Diet Plan?

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Diabetes has already become the third most common disease on the planet with around 500 million people affected by it. Though the mortality rate is low, dietplusminus urges you to take it extremely seriously.

People who ignore it at first, later either succumb to it or it turns out to be their worst nightmare. Diabetes (any type) requires necessary care from the diet and lifestyle point of view. Otherwise, it can lead to other serious complications such as stroke, kidney disease, eye problems, joint problems, neurological and heart disease, etc. Here you will get to know about everything related to diabetes and its concerning diet. 

What Is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a serious medical condition that alters your body’s natural way and ability to process blood glucose (blood sugar). Food that you eat is ultimately converted into a simpler form (glucose). Glucose is then used by your cells to release energy. Insulin is a hormone secreted by your pancreas that promotes the absorption of glucose and thereby helps to regulate your blood sugar level. Depending on what’s happening to insulin in your body, different types of diabetes can occur. 

 
Type I diabetes (juvenile diabetes) occurs if your body completely fails to produce enough insulin or does not produce enough of it. So, type I diabetic patients need to take artificial insulin, daily. 
On the other hand, Type 2 diabetes occurs when your cells don’t respond to insulin as effectively as normal and therefore it affects the processing of glucose. So, type 2 is caused by insulin resistance of your cells. So, here,  it doesn’t matter if your body is producing enough insulin or not. This is the most common type of diabetes and studies have shown that it is highly linked to obesity. 
There's another type of diabetes known as gestational diabetes. As the name suggests, this type occurs in women during their trimesters. Basically, during pregnancy, the body of a woman can become less sensitive to insulin and therefore develop somewhat insulin resistance. But, this does not occur in all women and mostly it gets resolved naturally after parturition. Also, in some people, borderline diabetes known as pre-diabetes is diagnosed. 

The normal fasting blood sugar level ranges between 70 and 110 mg/dL. A level of 126mg/dL and above is considered to be diabetic and a blood sugar level ranging from 111 to 125 mg/dL is pre-diabetic. Such people face the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. 

Research shows that you can lower your risk for type 2 diabetes by 58% by:

• Losing 7% of your current body weight (or 15 pounds if you weigh 200 pounds).
• Exercising moderately (such as brisk walking) 30 minutes a day, five days a week.

Symptoms of diabetes

The rise in blood sugar levels causes almost similar symptoms in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes patients are usually asymptomatic.

What Causes Diabetes?

The reason associated with each type of diabetes is different.
Type 1 diabetes is caused due to disruption of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. The immune system attacks and destroys these cells. Genes may be playing a role in causing type 1 diabetes but the significant cause is hormonal imbalance, immune system unknowingly attacks the insulin-producing beta cells and thus accounts for the high level of sugar in the blood. Some viruses can also induce immune system attacks. 

There are two main reasons behind type 2 diabetes, first genetics, and second lifestyle. Unlike type-1, type 2 diabetes has different causes. Genes still play a role, but lifestyle plays a major role. Being overweight, having high blood pressure issues, high triglycerides, and high alcohol intake, all directly or indirectly cause diabetes. Overweight or obese individuals, who have fat on their belly are at higher risk of getting type 2 diabetes because fat mass on the belly makes your cells more resistant to the effects of insulin on your blood sugar. 

Gestational diabetes is caused due to hormonal changes and secretion of some insulin-blocking hormones from the placenta during pregnancy.

Complications associated with diabetes:

High blood sugar is like a slow poison, which deteriorates your body very slowly and damages the organs and tissues throughout the body. The longer the time you live with uncontrolled blood sugar, the higher the damage caused.

The common damages caused by long term uncontrolled diabetes are: 

• Neuropathy 
• Nephropathy
• Vision loss and retinopathy
• Heart problems
• Hearing issues
• Sores in the foot that don’t heal are commonly called diabetic foot
• More prone to bacterial and fungal infections
• Skin problems
• Depression
• Dementia 

Complications associated with gestational diabetes are different from type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and include:

• Stillbirth
• Premature birth
• Birth weight higher than normal weight
• Jaundice
• Low blood sugar level
• Increased risk of type 2 diabetes in later life
• Cesarean delivery may be required
• Risk of future pregnancies

Treatment of diabetes

Lifestyle modifications, including consumption of healthy food, workout, and certain medications are used to treat diabetes, depending upon the type of diabetes and condition of the patient.  

Type 1 diabetes: Insulin is the main treatment for type 1 diabetes, to keep blood sugar levels in control, as the body is unable to produce this hormone. 
Type 2 diabetes: This type of diabetes can be treated using a healthy diet and proper workout. If your blood sugar level is not controlled by these lifestyle changes, your doctor will prescribe medications for you. If the medications do not work, insulin is given to some patients.
Gestational diabetes: If diet and exercise are not enough to bring the blood sugar levels under control, insulin is given. Insulin is considered safe for the growing child.

Diet Plan To Treat Diabetes

Following a proper diet plan is very important in the case of diabetes. Dietplusminus strictly recommends you follow a low-glycemic index diet.

For those of you who don’t know what glycemic index means, it is a number assigned to foods indicating their ability to raise blood sugar after consumption. So, you are advised to avoid food with a glycemic index of 70 or above. You must make low-glycemic choices to maintain a normal blood sugar level.

Consider the following tips for low glycemic index food

• Eat unprocessed foods and not processed ones. Because whole, unprocessed foods have a lower glycemic index than processed foods. 
• Eat more high in fiber foods. Fiber takes time to digest and therefore your blood sugar level does not rise quickly.
• Eat fruits like apples, vegetables like sweet potato, lentils, kidney beans, etc. These have a low glycemic index.
• Apart from these, strawberries, yogurt, chia seeds, and nuts are also very helpful.
• But, most importantly you need to avoid consuming table sugar, in any form. So, avoid all the soft drinks, etc. You can substitute table sugar with honey, but make sure to use it in moderation.

You should look at the total nutritional value in foods, not just glycemic index, to control diabetes. Even some foods that have a high glycemic index (potatoes) contain vitamin C, potassium, fiber, etc. which can be helpful. Also, the norms of a good diet may vary as per your liking, so you should visit a qualified medical practitioner for the best suitable diet.
 

What tests are required for joining this program?

Lists of important tests

1. Blood Sugar-Fasting and Post Prandial 

2. Fasting Insulin

3. HbA1C

4. Urine Routine and Urine microalbumin

5. Hemogram 

6. Lipid profile 

7. Liver Function Tests 

8. Kidney Function Tests including Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) 

9. Thyroid Function Tests  

10. Iron Study

11. High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP)

12. Vitamin B12

13. Vitamin D3

Post-Pregnancy weight loss Program

Losing stubborn pregnancy fat and becoming slim again is a concern of every new mom. But realistically, it is a little difficult to shed off all the extra pregnancy pounds without following a diet. Now, the question arises which diet to follow to become fit again? Here, the most important thing to notice is that you are a new mom having the responsibility of feeding your child and taking care of him/her. A strict diet plan would do more harm than good to a recent mother.

So, while you are deciding to follow a diet plan, be conscious about what you eat because it is directly going to affect your baby. You can trust dietplusminus to carve out the perfect post-pregnancy diet plan for you which you can follow fearlessly to help yourself become slim once again!

Why should you go for a post-pregnancy diet?

Before you go directly towards the diet plan, let’s take a glimpse at why you should follow a post-pregnancy diet and what are its benefits.

It is common for pregnant women to get extra fat after giving birth. However, it is not necessary to remain continually fat. Some may ignore the extra pounds but to some of you, it is a matter of concern. It may even affect your personality and health indirectly. So, even if you are not willing to become fit, nevertheless from the health point of view, you should definitely follow a good diet plan to improve your and your baby’s overall health.

Which nutrients to include in a post-pregnancy diet?

There should be a balanced ratio of every nutrient in your diet, however, there are some important nutrients that you should definitely include in your post-pregnancy diet.

The first such nutrient is Calcium. It is very important as seen from the breastfeeding point of view, because if your diet lacks calcium, your body may draw it from the bones which are extremely harmful. Iron and Choline are equally important for you and your baby to develop a good memory and a responsive nervous system. Omega 3 fatty acids are essential and always recommended as important constituents of a post-pregnancy diet. So, don’t forget to include these nutrients in your diet.

Post-pregnancy diet plan

Here are some essential food items suggested by dietplusminus that you must include in your diet plan.

1. Salmon- Salmon fish is a powerhouse of nutrients. It is loaded with DHA and nutrients.
2. Dairy products- Low-fat dairy products like milk and cheese are highly recommended for a healthy diet plan.
3. Blueberries- Blueberries are rich in vitamins and minerals and are tasty as well.
4. Oranges- Oranges provide energy and certain essential nutrients along with a great amount of vitamin C.
5. Eggs- Eggs are power boosters as they fulfill the body’s need for protein to a great extent and are highly recommended for the post-pregnancy diet.
6. Brown rice-Brown rice will give you an energy boost without increasing the fat content.

How does it work?

Choose diet packages as per your need or call us to help you in choosing the best suitable package. We recommend you do some basic blood and urine tests and consult with Dr. Pankaj Kumar.

1. Complete Blood Count (CBC)
2. Liver Function Tests (LFT)
3. Kidney Function Tests (KFT) (including Uric Acid)
4. Lipid Profile
5. Thyroid Profile
6. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)
7. Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
8. Fasting Insulin Level
9. Urine Analysis
10. USG Abdomen (Optional)

(If you have done tests in the last 3 months then please submit, no need to do tests again)

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What is Pre-diabetes? 

When the blood glucose levels are above normal levels but below the defined threshold of diabetes, the condition is called pre-diabetes. With high chances of developing diabetes, this condition is considered at risk. There is always the presence of pre-diabetes before the onset of diabetes. The elevation of blood sugar is a continuum and hence pre-diabetes cannot be considered an entirely benign condition.

Diagnosis of prediabetes can be alarming. The condition is mainly due to insulin resistance. Prediabetes is often a precursor of type2 diabetes. According to a study, people with prediabetes are always at a higher risk of developing type2 diabetes. The risk of cardiovascular disease also increases in pre-diabetic people.

However, being pre-diabetic doesn’t mean that you will get type2 diabetes. Early intervention, that is diet and physical activity are the two keys to getting your blood sugar out of the prediabetes range. Now, this is an alarm for you, to know the right kind of food to eat.

Diagnosis of Pre-diabetes

The criteria for pre-diabetes are different for different organizations. WHO has defined pre-diabetes as a state of intermediate hyperglycemia using two specific parameters, impaired fasting glucose (IFG)  defined as fasting plasma glucose of 6.1-6.9 mmol/L (110 to 125 mg/dL) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) defined as 2 h plasma glucose of 7.8-11.0 mmol/L (140-200 mg/dL) after ingestion of 75 g of oral glucose load or a combination of the two based on a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test. On the other hand, the American Diabetes Association (ADA), has the same cut-off value for IGT (140-200 mg/dL) but has a lower cut-off value for IFG (100-125 mg/dL) and has additional hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) based criteria of a level of 5.7% to 6.4% for the definition of pre-diabetes.

According to American Diabetes Association (ADA), diabetes screening for adults begins at the age of 45 years. If you are overweight and have an additional risk for prediabetes, you are advised to start early screening for diabetes.
 

There are several blood tests available for pre-diabetes. Let's discuss it one by one

Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test

Your average blood sugar level for the past three months is shown in this test. This test measures the percentage of blood sugar attached to the hemoglobin. (oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells) 

• An HbA1C level below 5.7% is considered normal.

• An HbA1C level between 5.7% and 6.4% is considered prediabetes.

• An HbA1C level of 6.5% or higher on two separate tests indicates type 2 diabetes.

In some conditions, like if you have an uncommon form of hemoglobin or if you are pregnant- HbA1C results can be inaccurate.

Fasting blood sugar test

Blood samples are collected after you fast for at least 8 hours or overnight.

•  A fasting blood sugar level of 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher indicates type 2 diabetes.

• A fasting blood sugar level from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 7.0 mmol/L) is considered prediabetes.

• A fasting blood sugar level below 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) — 5.6 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) — is considered normal.

Oral glucose tolerance test

This test is mainly used to diagnose diabetes in pregnant women. An 8-hour fasting blood sample is taken. Then you'll drink a sugary solution, and then again your blood sample will be taken after 2 hours.

• A blood sugar level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher indicates type 2 diabetes.

• A blood sugar level from 140 to 199 mg/dL (7.8 to 11.0 mmol/L) is considered prediabetes.

• A blood sugar level less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) is considered normal.

If you come under the category of pre-diabetic, your doctor will typically check your blood sugar levels at least once a year.

Prevalence of Pre-diabetes 

There have been reports of increased mean FPG and prevalence of diabetes in developed as well as developing countries.

Health risks associated with pre-diabetes
 

Progression to diabetes:

There are two factors associated with conversion from pre-diabetic to diabetic- population characteristics and criteria used to define pre-diabetes. According to a study, in India, among those with pre-diabetes, 58.9% converted to diabetes (52.8% among i-IGT, 47.8% among i-IFG, and 84.1% among those with combined IFG and IGT).

Retinopathy:

According to a study, 8% of participants with prediabetes were found to have evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Although pre-diabetes has been associated with an increased risk of retinopathy in some studies, these findings vary depending on the method used for detection.

Nephropathy and kidney diseases:

Several studies have shown an association between increased risk of chronic kidney disease and early nephropathy with pre-diabetes. The causal nature of this relationship remains unclear as this association may be due to increased incidence of diabetes in this group or the presence of other factors associated with both hyperglycemia and nephropathy rather than the effect of pre-diabetes itself.

Neuropathies:

Prediabetes is also found to be associated with dysfunction of cardiac autonomic activity, reflected by reduced heart rate variability, decreased parasympathetic modulation of the heart, and increased prevalence of male erectile dysfunction in individuals with pre-diabetes. 

Macrovascular disease:

Prediabetes has been associated with an increased risk of developing macrovascular disease, but whether this elevated risk is due to pre-diabetes itself or due to the development of diabetes remains unclear. Some studies have shown an increased prevalence of coronary heart disease in individuals with pre-diabetes but this relationship may be confounded by the common risk factors present between cardiovascular diseases and pre-diabetes.

Relation between diet and prediabetes

Many factors increase your risk for prediabetes. Genetics plays a role, especially if diabetes runs in your family. Some other factors play a larger role in the development of pre-diabetes. Overweight and very low physical activity are potential risk factors. 

In the case of pre-diabetes, sugar from food begins to build up in your bloodstream because insulin can’t easily move it into your cells.

The amount and type of carbohydrates consumed in a meal influence blood sugar level and causes pre-diabetes. The sugar level in the blood increases, when your diet is filled with refined and processed carbohydrates that digest quickly.

It is difficult for the body to reduce blood sugar levels after a meal. Avoiding blood sugar spikes by watching your carbohydrate intake can help.

When you eat more calories than your body needs, they get stored as fat. This causes you to gain weight. Body fat, especially around the belly, is linked to insulin resistance. This is why many people with prediabetes are also overweight. 

Healthy eating

Although you can’t control the risk factors associated with prediabetes, some can be managed. Measures taken to stay within a healthy weight range and to balance blood sugar levels may help you.

Select carbs with a low glycemic index

You can determine how a particular food could affect your blood sugar by the use of a glycemic index. High GI food will increase your blood sugar faster. Foods ranked lower on the scale have less effect on your blood sugar spike. High fiber foods are low on the GI. Highly processed foods, refined foods, foods low in fiber and nutrients, register high on the GI.

Refined carbohydrates are high in the GI. These are the products that digest quickly in your stomach. Examples are white bread, russet potatoes, and white rice, along with soda and juice. Restrict these foods if you are pre-diabetic.

Although foods that rank medium on GI are fine to eat, still not as good as foods that rank low on the GI. Examples include whole-wheat bread and brown rice.  Foods that rank low on the GI are best for pre-diabetics.

Add the following items to your diet

• Steel-cut oats

• Whole wheat pasta

• Whole wheat bread

• Corn

• Non-starchy vegetables

• Sweet potatoes

• Beans

GI of food is not mentioned on the labels of food items. Instead, check the fiber content listed on the label to help determine a food’s GI ranking. Restrict the intake of saturated fat to reduce the risk of developing high cholesterol and heart disease, along with pre-diabetes. You can lower the GI of a given food item by taking mixed meals. For example, if you plan to eat white rice, add vegetables and chicken to slow down the digestion of the grain and minimize the spikes in blood sugar level.

Control portion size

You should have good control over the portion size to keep your diet on a low GI. This means you should limit the amount of food you eat every meal. Often, portions are higher, which creates problems and results in spikes in blood sugar levels.

Food labels can help you much regarding the proper portion size. The label will list calories, fat, carbohydrates, and other nutrition information for a particular serving.

It is important to understand that it will affect the nutritional value if you eat more than 1 serving listed. A portion of food may have 30 grams of carbohydrate and 200 calories per serving. But if you have two servings, you’ve consumed 60 grams of carbohydrate and 400 calories.

Elimination of carbohydrates from the diet is not necessary. Recent research has shown that a diet containing less than 40 percent is associated with the same mortality risk as a diet containing 70 percent carbs.

A minimal risk was reported when the intake of carbohydrates was 50 to 55 percent. For example, on a 1600-calorie diet, you should take 200 grams of carbohydrates. Spreading intake of carbohydrates evenly throughout the day is best.

As recommended by the ‘National Institutes of Health’ and the ‘Mayo Clinic’, 45 to 65 percent of calories should come from carbohydrates per5 day. Individual carbohydrate needs differ based on a person’s stature and activity level. It is recommended to consult with a dietician to know about your specific needs.

Mindful eating is the best way to keep control of your portion size. Eat only when you are hungry, and stop when you feel full. Sit properly and concentrate on the food and flavors while eating.

Include plenty of fiber-rich foods

Fiber is essential and beneficial for you. It has several benefits. It helps you feel fuller for a long time. It adds bulk to your diet, making bowel movements easier.

Since fiber-rich foods add bulk to your diet, you are less likely to overeat. You are also able to avoid the ‘crush’ which results from eating high sugar food. These types of foods will often give you a big boost of energy, but make you feel tired shortly after.  

Examples of some foods high in fiber

• beans and legumes

• whole wheat pasta

• whole-grain bread

• whole-grain cereals

• whole grains, such as quinoa or barley

• fruits and vegetables that have an edible skin

Restrict sugary drinks

A single can of soda can give you the carbohydrates recommended for a meal. A normal can of soda, 12 ounces, can contain 45 grams of carbohydrates. This number is the recommended carbohydrate serving for a meal for women with diabetes.

Sugary sodas give you only empty calories and are readily digested. Water is always a better choice to quench your thirst.

If alcoholic, drink alcohol in moderate amounts

In most instances, moderation is a healthy rule and it also goes well in the case of alcohol. Several alcoholic beverages are dehydrating. The sugar level in most of the cocktails is very high, enough to spike your blood sugar level. According to research, women should only have one drink per day, while men should limit themselves to two drinks per day. Portion control is very important in the case of alcohol. Following are the measurements for an average single drink:

• 1 bottle of beer (12 fluid ounces)

• 1 glass of wine (5 fluid ounces)

• 1 shot of distilled spirits, such as whiskey, gin, or vodka (1.5 fluid ounces)
   

Keep your drink simple. Avoid adding sugary juices or liqueurs. Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration.
 

Include lean meat in your diet

If you are a pre-diabetic, it is recommended for you to avoid cuts of meat with visible fat or skin. A low saturated and trans fat diet will help you reduce your risk of heart disease.

However, meat doesn’t contain carbohydrates but can be a significant source of saturated fat in your diet. Eating fatty meat in moderation can lead to high cholesterol levels.

Choose your protein sources from here

• low-fat Greek yogurt

• chicken without skin

• egg substitute or egg whites

• turkey without skin

• lean beef cuts, such as flank steak, ground round, tenderloin, and roast with fat trimmed

• shellfish, such as crab, lobster, shrimp, or scallops

• fish, such as cod, flounder, haddock, halibut, tuna, or trout

• beans and legumes

• soybean products, such as tofu and tempeh

Very lean cuts of meat have about 0 to 1 gram of fat and give you 35 calories per ounce. High-fat meat, such as spareribs, can have more than 7 grams of fat and will provide 100 calories per ounce.
 

Drink plenty of water

Water is an essential part of any healthy diet. Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration. For pre-diabetics, water is a healthier option in place of sugary sodas, juices, and energy drinks.

Average daily intake of water should depend upon your body size, activity level, and the climate you live in.
You can determine if you are taking enough water or not, by monitoring your urine volume and color. The color of your urine should be pale yellow.

Read the article Pre-diabetes - The Younger Brother of Silent Killer Diabetes

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Snoring: Everything you need to know

Snoring is a very common phenomenon. It is more common in men when compared with women. The condition worsens with age. Certain lifestyle modifications can help in most cases, but in a few cases, like sleep disorders, medical intervention is needed. 

Reasons behind snoring

Several factors are responsible for snoring.

The physiological cause behind snoring is the vibration produced in your airways. When you breathe, the relaxed tissue in your upper respiratory tract vibrates, which produces the typical snoring sound. Snoring may result from:

1. Blocked nasal passage
2. Too much tissue in the throat
3. The poor muscle tone of the throat and tongue
4. Too long uvula
5. Soft palate
6. Cold and allergies, which causes nasal congestion and swelling of the throat
7. A symptom of sleep apnea

Diagnosis of snoring

In mild snoring cases, only physical examination is needed. But in case of severe snoring, certain diagnostic tests are needed, including X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans. These all are done to check your airway abnormalities. In a few cases, a sleep study may also be needed. In a sleep study, you have to spend the night at the clinic or at a sleep center to monitor the 

1. Respiration rate
2. Heart rate
3. Oxygen levels in the body, and 
4. Movement of legs.

Treatment of snoring

The most important factor which decides the mode of treatment is the reason behind your snoring. Common treatments for snoring include:

1. Use mouthpieces to keep your airway open and position your soft palate and tongue. 
2. Trim the excess tissue in your airways, with the help of surgery.
3. Palatal implants to stiffen your palates and reduce snoring.
4. Removal of uvula and shortening of the soft palate with the help of laser surgery. 
5. Use of masks or CPAP machines to direct pressurized air into the airway to eliminate sleep apnea and snoring.  

Complications associated with snoring

Frequent snoring may increase the risk of:

1. Sleepiness whole day
2. Reduced concentration
3. High blood pressure
4. Increased risk of stroke and heart disease
5. Drowsiness, resulting in road accidents
6. Relationship conflicts. 

Preventive measures for snoring

Certain lifestyle changes may improve the snoring conditions in mild cases. The potentially effective measures are:

1. Weight management
2. Sleep on your side
3. Go to bed at the same time every night
4. Apply nasal strips before going to bed
5. Get proper treatment for nasal congestion
6. Don’t eat just before your bedtime
7. Avoid alcohol before bedtime
8. Use an extra pillow to elevate your head up to 4 inches

Some tips to stop snoring

The best way to treat your snoring is to find the reason behind it. Depending upon your needs use the under-given methods to relieve your symptoms.

Risk factors associated with snoring

Certain factors increase the risk of snoring:

When to contact your doctor

In case of snoring, only your roommate or bed partner can tell the symptoms and frequency. Some common symptoms of snoring include:

1. Nasal congestion
2. Breathing from the mouth, and 
3. Waking in the morning with a dry throat

Symptoms of frequent or severe snoring:

1. Sore throat
2. Drowsiness or feeling the sleepy whole day
3. Frequent napping
4. Frequent waking up during sleep
5. Lower concentration
6. Choking during sleep
7. Chest pain or high blood pressure.

If you have symptoms of frequent snoring, talk to your doctor. He/she will tell whether you are suffering from sleep apnea or any other serious condition after conducting some tests and even a sleep study.  

Snoring is a very common phenomenon, ranging from mild to severe in terms of severity. If you snore once in a while, you don’t need any intervention, but in case of chronic snoring, you need to consult your doctor. 

Frequently asked questions on snoring

Is there any permanent way to stop snoring? Is it 100% safe? If not then what else can I do?

First of all, you should know the reason behind your snoring, then only you will be able to permanently eradicate the issue. In mild cases of snoring, certain lifestyle modifications may help relieve the condition. Weight management, avoiding alcohol or food just before going to bed, and OTC medications for colds and allergies may help relieve the symptoms.

Are there any tips and tricks to help me stop snoring?

Tips to stop snoring in mild cases include:

1. Weight management
2. Sleep on your side
3. Go to bed at the same time every night
4. Apply nasal strips before going to bed
5. Get proper treatment for nasal congestion
6. Don’t eat just before your bedtime
7. Avoid alcohol before bedtime
8. Use an extra pillow to elevate your head up to 4 inches

What are some natural ways to fight to snore?

Natural ways work in mild cases of snoring, including weight management, sleeping on your side, sound sleep of 6-8 hours, avoiding alcohol and food before bedtime, elevating head up to 4 inches, getting proper treatment of nasal congestion, application of nasal strips before going to bed. If you have frequent and severe snoring, consult your doctor. He/she will tell whether you are suffering from sleep apnea or any other serious condition after conducting some tests and even a sleep study, and will then suggest if there is a need for surgery.

What is light snoring?

Light or infrequent snoring is normal and does not require any treatment. It only disturbs your roommate or bed partner. It is also called primary snoring and occurs more than three nights per week. 

Why do skinny people snore?

Although snoring is more common in overweight individuals, it can also occur in skinny people. It can be due to a cold or allergy which causes inflammation in the upper respiratory tract or due to anatomical abnormality like a narrow airway. 

Can snoring be cured with surgery? How?

In case of anatomical abnormalities or deposition of excess tissues in the throat due to obesity, surgery is needed to cure snoring. Some common surgeries include:

1. Trim the excess tissue in your airways,
2. Palatal implants to stiffen your palates,
3. Removal of uvula and shortening of the soft palate with the help of laser surgery.

Is snoring physically harmful and if so how?

Loud and frequent snoring increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other health problems. Manage your weight and avoid alcohol before bedtime. If the symptoms persist, consult your healthcare provider. 

What is the prevention of snoring?

Preventive measures for snoring include:

1. Weight management
2. Sleep on your side
3. Go to bed at the same time every night
4. Apply nasal strips before going to bed
5. Get proper treatment for nasal congestion
6. Don’t eat just before your bedtime
7. Avoid alcohol before bedtime
8. Use an extra pillow to elevate your head up to 4 inches

How common is snoring?

Approx 45% of adults snore occasionally and 25% snore regularly. Snoring is more common in overweight individuals, middle-aged and older men, and postmenopausal women. The conditions worsen with increasing age.

What are the causes behind snoring?

Common causes of snoring include:

1. Blocked nasal passage
2. Too much tissue in the throat
3. The poor muscle tone of the throat and tongue
4. Too long uvula
5. Soft palate
6. Cold and allergies, which causes nasal congestion and swelling of the throat
7. A symptom of sleep apnea

Obesity-induced snoring correcting diet Plan

Staying fit and healthy is the best sort of lifestyle, one can have and we are always there to help you! At DietPlusMinus, we thoroughly study your body profile and conduct tests like blood tests to prepare scientific diet plans and exercises for you.

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

What are GERD and acid reflux?

This is a very common question. When the contents of the stomach move back into the esophagus, the action is called acid regurgitation or reflux. This condition is commonly called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). If GERD is left untreated, it can cause serious health issues. 

Common symptoms associated with GERD

One of the most common symptoms of GERD is acid reflux. A feeling of uncomfortable burning in the chest which may also migrate to the throat and neck is called acid reflux. Acid reflux can cause a sour or bitter taste in the mouth. It can also cause regurgitation of stomach contents in your mouth.

Other symptoms of GERD are:

• Nausea

• Bad breath

• Hoarse voice

• Chest pain

• Pain and difficulty in swallowing

• Chronic cough

Diagnosis of GERD

A doctor conducts a physical exam and asks about the symptoms you are suffering from. Certain tests may also be suggested to you, including:

Treatment options for GERD

Lifestyle modification is the key to relieving the symptoms of GERD.

Your doctor may encourage you to make certain lifestyle changes, including: 
 

• Weight management

• Avoid heavy meals, especially in the evening

• Elevate head during sleep

• Don’t lie down just after eating, wait for a few hours

• If you smoke, quit it

Medication

Your doctor may suggest some over-the-counter medicines to overcome the symptoms. However, every medicine has some side effects. So, don’t take any medicine without consulting with your doctor. He/she will suggest medicines best suitable for you. 
 

Antacids: This is used occasionally for mild symptoms of acid reflux and GERD. If you take antacids regularly, you may need stronger medication. 
 

H2 receptor blockers: H2 blockers like Pepcid AC, lower the number of acids produced by the stomach. However, a type of H2 blocker, ranitidine was recently recalled by FDA due to the presence of carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA).
 

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): PPIs also decrease the amount of acids produced by the stomach, but they work better than H2 receptors. They are also known to heal the lining of the esophagus damaged due to GERD.

 
Surgery 

In most cases of GERD, lifestyle modification and medication is enough to relieve the symptoms. But in some cases, surgery is needed. When you develop complications of GERD, your doctor may recommend surgery. There are multiple surgeries for the treatment of GERD, including fundoplication and bariatric surgery. 

Home remedies and problems associated with it GERD

Some individuals prefer home remedies for the treatment of heartburn and acid reflux. It is ok when the symptoms are occasional. But if you are diagnosed with GERD, self-diagnosis, and self-medication may cause serious health issues. Some remedies which may harm you in place of providing relief: 

Difference between heartburn and GERD

There is a difference between heartburn and GERD. Most people experience heartburn occasionally. Occasional heartburn is not a matter of concern. But if you experience heartburn more than twice a week, and also associated chest pain and chronic cough, you should consult your doctor. It might be GERD. 

Causes of GERD

There is no single cause of GERD. When a certain mechanism in your body doesn’t function properly, the chances of getting GERD increases. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a circular band of muscles at the end of the esophagus. When you swallow, it opens. The rest of the time it is closed tightly. When this sphincter is not closed tightly or properly, acid reflux happens. This allows the passage of digestive juices and other contents of the stomach to the esophagus. 
 

Common causes which drive you towards GERD 

Risk factors of GERD

There is no single reason for GERD. Several factors give rise to the improper functioning of LES, resulting in GERD. Certain lifestyle choices and health conditions may increase the chances of GERD, including: 
 

• Obesity

• Pregnancy

• Smoking

• Connective tissue disorder

• Consumption of too much of certain medicines, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, like aspirin, and ibuprofen.

• Consumption of certain beverages, including soda, coffee, or alcohol

• Consumption of too many fried foods

• Consumption of large and frequent meals

• Sleeping just after eating

• Consumption of alcohol

• While the connection between alcohol consumption and GERD is not clear, limiting or stopping alcohol completely has been linked with relief in GERD symptoms. 

Food that may trigger GERD

There are certain food items and beverages, which may aggravate the conditions of GERD. However, the food which triggers GERD is very personal and differs from person to person, there is a list of certain food items which are more triggering than others, including:
 

• Fried foods

• Citrus fruits and their juices

• Soda 

• Coffee

• Mint

• Tomato and its sauces

• Onion

GERD associated with other conditions

Certain conditions aggravate the symptoms of GERD, including anxiety, pregnancy, asthma, and IBS. 

Infants with GERD

It’s very common for babies to spit up food, but if your baby vomits very frequently, he/she might be suffering from GERD. 
 

Symptoms of GERD in infants: 
 

• Recurring cough

• Arching of back during or after feeding

• Hiccups

• Trouble in swallowing

• Gagging or hiccups

• Irritability during or after feeding

• Refusal to eat

• Weight loss

• Difficulty in sleeping

Serious complications associated with GERD

Commonly, GERD doesn’t cause any serious health issues but can be fatal in some cases.

Serious complications of GERD:

However, these complications are aroused due to untreated GERD. So, to avoid these complications, manage and treat the symptoms of your GERD with the help of your doctor. 

Nutritional guidelines for GERD

There are several treatments for GERD, but lifestyle modification, including 

While there are many medical treatments for GERD, changing your diet is one of the easiest and most affordable ways to manage symptoms. It can also help prevent acid reflux from happening in the first place. Although the symptoms of GERD are triggered by different food items in a different person, if you have GERD you must avoid these foods:

1. Fried foods
2. Spicy foods
3. Soda
4. Carbonated beverages
5. Mint 
6. Garlic
7. Onions

Let’s discuss the food items that can be taken in moderation and that should be taken generously: 

High Uric Acid Diet

High uric acid is most commonly detected while undergoing blood tests for any other medical condition. It is usually diagnosed incidentally and therefore, most people don’t know they have it till it worsens. Millions of cases of high uric acid are reported throughout the world every year. But, did you know it can be taken care of just by following a proper diet? Let’s see how!

What Is High Uric Acid?

High uric acid, also known as hyperuricemia, is a condition that is caused when high levels of uric acid are present in the blood. If this high concentration of uric acid is not removed in time, it forms crystals of uric acid. These crystals ultimately settle in the joints of bones, thereby leading to a condition called gout and it can be very painful. Moreover, the crystals of uric acid can also settle in the kidneys and form kidney stones. In such a severe condition, your blood and urine can turn acidic too.

High uric acid levels require immediate action and so dietplusminus urges you to get medical attention as soon as possible, otherwise, it can eventually lead to permanent bone and tissue damage, heart disease, etc. Advanced research has shown also shown that type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and fatty liver disease are somehow linked to high uric acid levels. This condition is more commonly seen in men than in women. In the case of men, it usually occurs after 30, and in women, it commonly occurs after menopause (around 50).

What Causes High Uric Acid?

Uric acid is actually a waste product and so your body filters it out through kidneys and in the urine. So, high uric acid levels are most commonly caused when your kidneys malfunction. If your kidneys fail to eliminate uric acid efficiently, then the acid stays in your body. However, there are some things that can slow down the process of the elimination of uric acid. These include rich foods, medical conditions like diabetes, obesity, excess alcohol consumption, stress, etc. Genetics can also play a role in this.

Some other less common factors include a purine-rich diet (liver, gamer meat, sardines, gravy, dried peas and beans, mushrooms, etc.), your body producing excess uric acid, certain diuretics, immune-suppressing drugs, vitamin B-3, certain cancers/chemotherapy, etc.

How To Cure High Uric Acid With Diet?

The best way to reduce high uric acid levels is by following a gout-friendly diet. Your diet must be low in purines. So, your diet should compromise of fruits (cherries can help to lower uric acid levels and inflammation), vegetables (potatoes, peas, eggplants, dark and green leafy veggies, etc.), legumes (lentils, beans, etc.), nuts and seeds, whole grains, etc. All dairy products are safe for you, but dietplusminus recommends consuming low-fat dairy products. Further, eggs and beverages (like coffee, tea, green tea) are all recommended.

You also, strictly, need to avoid some foods that contain high levels of purines. These include all organ meats (liver, kidneys, etc.), game meats, fish, yeasts, white bread, cakes, cookies, etc. Additionally, you should also avoid sugary drinks such as soft drinks. Dietplusminus recommends you maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly. Plus, drinking plenty of water and cutting down on alcohol can also help.

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Boost your immunity with the right diet and exercise

Several dietary and lifestyle changes may strengthen your immune system. They help fight harmful pathogens and disease-causing organisms. Let’s discuss some tips which may help boost your immune system.
 

1. Eat whole foods
 

Whole foods including fruits, nuts, seeds, and vegetables are rich in antioxidants and certain nutrients which protect you against harmful pathogens. 
The fiber present in these whole plant foods is healthy for the beneficial gut bacteria or gut microbiome. A healthy gut microbiome can help boost your immune system and prevent you from being attacked by harmful pathogens through the digestive tract [1].  Fruits and vegetables are high in vitamin C. This can reduce the duration of the common cold [2]. The antioxidants present in whole food prevent the oxidation of harmful free radicals, hence reducing inflammation. Chronic inflammation leads to several harmful diseases, like diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and certain cancers [3].
 

2. Include healthy fats
 

Acute inflammation is a normal immune response\ to stress or injury, but chronic inflammation can hurt your immune system. Inclusion of healthy fats in your diet, including olive oil and salmon, may boost the immune system against pathogens by decreasing inflammation. Omega 3 fatty acids fight inflammation [4]. 
Olive oil is highly anti-inflammatory and may help fight off harmful bacteria and viruses [5], [6]. It also reduces the risk of chronic inflammation, linked with diseases diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. 
 

3. Eat fermented foods or take a probiotic supplement
 

Fermented foods are high in beneficial bacteria. Intake of fermented foods increases the population of these bacteria in your gut [7]. Fermented foods include yogurt, natto, tempeh, sauerkraut, kimchi, and kefir. According to some research, a well flourished gut microbiome helps your immune cells to differentiate between healthy cells and harmful pathogens [8]. If regular intake of fermented foods is not possible for you, switch to probiotic supplements. Supplementation of probiotics strengthens the immune system and lowers the levels of virus in the nasal mucus when compared with a control group [9]. 

4. Stay hydrated
 

Although there is no relation between hydration and the attack of harmful bacteria and viruses, staying hydrated is important for overall health. 
Dehydration may cause indigestion, mood swings, reduced focus, physical performance, and heart and kidney function. These health issues increase the risk of illness [10]. Although tea and juice also hydrate you, water is the best option, because it is free of calories, additives, and sugar [11]. Fruit juice and sweetened tea have high sugar contents [12], [13]. For young adults, it is recommended to drink water when you are thirsty and stop when you are no longer thirsty, but for older adults, it is recommended to drink water regularly,  even if they do not feel thirsty. The reason behind this is older adults begin to lose the urge to drink, as their bodies do not signal thirst adequately. 

5. Limit sugar intake
 

According to the reports of some studies, added sugar and refined carbs may contribute to increased weight and obesity [14],[15]. Obesity is linked with an increased risk of getting sick. According to a study, obese people administered with flu vaccine have twice the risk of getting the flu, when compared with normal-weight people who received the vaccine [16]. Cutting sugar intake may aid in weight loss and reduce the risk of getting type 2 diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. All of these weaken the immune system. Limiting and cutting sugar is an important part of an immune-boosting diet [17], [18], [19], [20],[21]. It is recommended to limit your sugar intake, to less than 5% of your daily calories. 

6. Reduce your stress levels

To boost your immune system, it is very important to relieve your stress and anxiety. Long-term stress may lead to inflammation and compromised immune cell functions [22], [23]. Psychological stress can suppress the immune response in children [24]. Meditation, exercise, yoga, and some other mindfulness practices may help you manage your stress and anxiety. 

7. Get enough sleep
 

Inadequate or poor sleep can make you sick. According to a study, individuals taking less than 6 hours of sleep per night are at a higher risk of getting a common cold when compared with those taking a sleep of 6 hours or more per night [25]. Proper rest strengthens the immune system, and also sleeping more when you are sick, allows your immune system to better fight the illness [26]. 
A sound sleep of 7 hours per night is good for adults, teenagers should sleep 8-10 hours, and younger children and infants should sleep up to 14 hours. Exercising regularly, leaving the screen an hour before sleep, sleeping in a completely dark room, and going to bed at the same time every night enhance the quality of your sleep. 

8. Regular exercise

Prolonged and intense exercise can suppress the immune system, but moderate exercise can boost your immune system. People with compromised immune systems must do at least a single session of moderate exercise to boost the effectiveness of their vaccines [27]. Also, regular and moderate exercise may reduce inflammation, leading to regular regeneration of your immune cells [28]. Exercises like brisk walking, swimming, light hiking, jogging, and steady bicycling should be done at least 150 minutes per week [29]. 

9. Include some supplements, whenever required
 

Despite several claims supplements about their ability to prevent and cure COVID-19, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) says that there's no evidence to support the use of any supplement to prevent or treat COVID-19 [30]. 
 

Some studies suggest that supplements may strengthen your body’s general immune system. Let’s discuss such supplements:

You must purchase any supplement that has been independently tested by a third-party organization, as the labeling present on your supplement may be misleading.  
However, no food is going to prevent or cure COVID-19 infections, a strong immune system will help you prevent common colds, flu, and other infections.

Let’s discuss some food items which may boost your immunity:

Balance is the key to proper nutrition. Eating just one of these foods won’t be enough to help fight against flu and infections, even if you eat it regularly.

Serving size and recommended dietary intake should always be kept in mind. Too little or too much of any nutrient can harm you.
Eating right is a great start, and there are other things you can do to protect yourself and your family from the flu, cold, and other illnesses.

Bibliography

[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28165863

[2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440782

[3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27881064

[4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23010452

[5] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27580701

[6] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22474371

[7] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25576593

[8] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3337124/

[9] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28343401

[10] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2908954/

[11] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2908954/

[12] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25398745

[13] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29772560

[14] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28507007

[15] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29181456

[16] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28584297

[17] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28401111

[18] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586275

[19] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28584297

[20] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814686

[21] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30533447

[22] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24798553

[23] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22474371

[24] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24501202

[25] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26118561

[26] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30920354

[27] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26477922

[28] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26477922

[29] https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/physical-activity-guidelines-for-americans/index.html

[30] https://nccih.nih.gov/health/in-the-news-in-the-news-coronavirus-and-alternative-treatments

[31] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29080635

[32] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440782

[33] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30670267

[34] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21173411

[35] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28515951

[36] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25386977

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